※1단계 - 본문과해설

수능실감5문항300제 Day1-1

▷글의 제목 - The Shift in Decision-Making: From Human Experts to AI Algorithms (의사 결정의 변화: 인간 전문가에서 AI 알고리즘으로)

▷3줄 요약 - Currently, politicians seem to make decisions, but their options are shaped by economists and business people. However, as AI evolves, politicians will soon choose from options generated by algorithms based on Big Data. Although human figureheads will remain to provide the illusion of human control, the actual decisions will reflect AI's worldview more than ours. (현재 정치인들이 결정을 내리는 것처럼 보이지만, 그들의 선택지는 경제학자와 기업가들에 의해 형성됩니다. 그러나 AI가 발전함에 따라 정치인들은 곧 빅데이터를 기반으로 알고리즘이 생성한 선택지 중에서 고르게 될 것입니다. 인간 통제의 환상을 제공하기 위해 인간 명목상 지도자들은 남아 있겠지만, 실제 결정은 우리의 세계관보다는 AI의 세계관을 더 많이 반영할 것입니다.)

▷글의 흐름 - 현재의 의사 결정 구조(정치인들의 선택과 전문가들의 옵션 설계) ⇒ AI의 발전에 따른 의사 결정 구조의 변화 예측(AI가 옵션 설계) ⇒ 인간 명목상 지도자의 유지와 환상 ⇒ 최종적으로 AI의 관점이 반영된 의사 결정의 본질

▷ Flow of the text - Current decision-making structure (politicians' choices and experts' option design) ⇒ Prediction of changes in decision-making structure due to AI evolution (AI designing options) ⇒ Retention of human figureheads and the illusion of control ⇒ The essence of decision-making ultimately reflecting AI's perspective.

본문] Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

해설] 오늘날 전 세계의 정치인들은 몇 가지 경제 정책 중에서 선택할 수 있다. 그들이 결정을 내리는 사람인 것 같지만, 중요한 결정은 메뉴에 있는 다양한 선택지를 구체화한 경제학자, 은행가, 사업가들에 의해 훨씬 이전에 이미 내려졌다. 그러나 알고리즘이 빠르게 진화함에 따라, 머지않아 정치인들은 인공 지능(AI)이 작성한 메뉴에서 자신들이 선택하고 있는 것을 알게 될지도 모른다. 가장 높은 권위의 수준에서, 우리는 아마도 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지할 것인데, 그들은 AI 알고리즘이 조언자일 뿐이며 최종 권한은 여전히 인간의 손에 있다는 환상을 우리에게 줄 것이다. 우리는 AI를 독일의 총리나 영국의 총리로 임명하지는 않을 것이다. 그러나 그들에 의해 내려지는 결정들은 AI에 의해 구체화될 것이다. 총리는 여전히 몇 가지 다른 선택지 중에서 선택할 수 있겠지만, 이 모든 선택지는 알고리즘에 의한 빅 데이터 분석의 결과물일 것이며, 인간이 세계를 보는 방식보다는 AI가 세계를 보는 방식을 더 많이 반영할 것이다.

※2단계 - 영단어 동의어 반이어

▷ policy (명사) 정책 - a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual

동의어: strategy (전략), plan (계획).

▷ shape (동사) 구체화하다, 형성하다 - to give a particular shape or form to

동의어: form (형성하다), mold (만들다).

▷ evolve (동사) 진화하다, 발달하다 - to develop gradually

동의어: develop (발달하다), progress (진전하다). 반의어: regress (퇴보하다), devolve (퇴화하다).

▷ rapidly (부사) 빠르게, 급속히 - very quickly; at a great rate

동의어: swiftly (신속하게), quickly (빠르게). 반의어: slowly (느리게), gradually (점진적으로).

▷ artificial intelligence (명사) 인공 지능 - the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence

▷ before long (숙어) 머지않아 - soon; in the near future

동의어: soon (곧), shortly (머지않아).

▷ authority (명사) 권위, 권한 - the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience

동의어: power (권력), jurisdiction (사법권). 반의어: powerlessness (무력함).

▷ retain (동사) 유지하다, 보유하다 - continue to have something; keep possession of

동의어: keep (유지하다), maintain (유지하다). 반의어: lose (잃다), release (놓아주다).

▷ figurehead (명사) 명목상 지도자 - a nominal leader or head without real power

동의어: nominal head (명목상의 수장), front man (표면에 나서는 사람).

▷ illusion (명사) 환상, 착각 - a false idea or belief

동의어: delusion (망상), misconception (오해). 반의어: reality (현실), truth (진실).

▷ ultimate (형용사) 최종적인, 궁극적인 - being or happening at the end of a process; final

동의어: final (마지막의), eventual (결국 일어나는). 반의어: initial (초기의), beginning (시작의).

▷ appoint (동사) 임명하다, 지명하다 - assign a job or role to (someone)

동의어: nominate (지명하다), designate (지정하다). 반의어: dismiss (해임하다), fire (해고하다).

▷ outcome (명사) 결과물, 성과 - the way a thing turns out; a consequence

동의어: result (결과), consequence (결과). 반의어: cause (원인), origin (기원).

▷ reflect (동사) 반영하다, 나타내다 - to embody or represent (something) in a faithful or appropriate way

동의어: show (보여주다), display (드러내다). 반의어: conceal (숨기다), obscure (감추다).

※ 단어테스트

▷ p_____ (명사) 정책

동의어: s_______ (전략), p___ (계획).

▷ s____ (동사) 구체화하다, 형성하다

동의어: f___ (형성하다), m___ (만들다).

▷ e_____ (동사) 진화하다, 발달하다

동의어: d______ (발달하다), p_______ (진전하다). 반의어: r_______ (퇴보하다), d______ (퇴화하다).

▷ r______ (부사) 빠르게, 급속히

동의어: s______ (신속하게), q______ (빠르게). 반의어: s_____ (느리게), g________ (점진적으로).

▷ a_________ i___________ (명사) 인공 지능

▷ b_____ l___ (숙어) 머지않아

동의어: s___ (곧), s______ (머지않아).

▷ a________ (명사) 권위, 권한

동의어: p____ (권력), j___________ (사법권). 반의어: p____________ (무력함).

▷ r_____ (동사) 유지하다, 보유하다

동의어: k___ (유지하다), m_______ (유지하다). 반의어: l___ (잃다), r______ (놓아주다).

▷ f_________ (명사) 명목상 지도자

동의어: n______ h___ (명목상의 수장), f____ m__ (표면에 나서는 사람).

▷ i_______ (명사) 환상, 착각

동의어: d_______ (망상), m____________ (오해). 반의어: r______ (현실), t____ (진실).

▷ u_______ (형용사) 최종적인, 궁극적인

동의어: f____ (마지막의), e_______ (결국 일어나는). 반의어: i______ (초기의), b________ (시작의).

▷ a______ (동사) 임명하다, 지명하다

동의어: n_______ (지명하다), d________ (지정하다). 반의어: d______ (해임하다), f___ (해고하다).

▷ o______ (명사) 결과물, 성과

동의어: r_____ (결과), c__________ (결과). 반의어: c____ (원인), o_____ (기원).

▷ r______ (동사) 반영하다, 나타내다

동의어: s___ (보여주다), d______ (드러내다). 반의어: c______ (숨기다), o_______ (감추다).

※3단계 - 한줄해석 본문분석

▷ Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies.

해석: 오늘날 전 세계의 정치인들은 몇 가지 경제 정책 중에서 선택할 수 있다.

문법: #1 choose between: '~중에서 선택하다'.

▷ It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu.

해석: 그들이 결정을 내리는 사람인 것 같지만, 중요한 결정은 메뉴에 있는 다양한 선택지를 구체화한 경제학자, 은행가, 사업가들에 의해 훨씬 이전에 이미 내려졌다.

문법: #1 It seems that: '~인 것 같다' (가주어 It, 진주어 that절). #2 the ones who make: ones(사람들)를 수식하는 주격 관계대명사절. #3 have already been made: 현재완료 수동태. #4 much earlier: 비교급 강조 부사 much + 비교급. #5 who shaped: 선행사(the economists, bankers, and business people)를 수식하는 주격 관계대명사절.

▷ As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long.

해석: 그러나 알고리즘이 빠르게 진화함에 따라, 머지않아 정치인들은 인공 지능(AI)이 작성한 메뉴에서 자신들이 선택하고 있는 것을 알게 될지도 모른다.

문법: #1 As: '~함에 따라' (비례의 접속사). #2 find + 목적어(themselves) + 목적격보어(choosing): 5형식 문장, 목적어와 보어가 능동 관계이므로 현재분사 사용. #3 written by: a menu를 후치 수식하는 과거분사구.

▷ At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands.

해석: 가장 높은 권위의 수준에서, 우리는 아마도 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지할 것인데, 그들은 AI 알고리즘이 조언자일 뿐이며 최종 권한은 여전히 인간의 손에 있다는 환상을 우리에게 줄 것이다.

문법: #1 , who: human figureheads를 부연 설명하는 주격 관계대명사의 계속적 용법. #2 give + 간접목적어(us) + 직접목적어(the illusion): 4형식 구조. #3 the illusion that... and that...: illusion과 동격을 이루는 명사절 접속사 that 병렬 구조.

▷ We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom.

해석: 우리는 AI를 독일의 총리나 영국의 총리로 임명하지는 않을 것이다.

문법: #1 appoint + 목적어 + to부정사/명사: 목적어를 ~로 임명하다.

▷ However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI.

해석: 그러나 그들에 의해 내려지는 결정들은 AI에 의해 구체화될 것이다.

문법: #1 taken by them: the decisions를 수식하는 과거분사구. #2 will be shaped: 조동사 미래 수동태.

▷ The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

해석: 총리는 여전히 몇 가지 다른 선택지 중에서 선택할 수 있겠지만, 이 모든 선택지는 알고리즘에 의한 빅 데이터 분석의 결과물일 것이며, 인간이 세계를 보는 방식보다는 AI가 세계를 보는 방식을 더 많이 반영할 것이다.

문법: #1 the way AI views / the way humans view: 관계부사 how가 생략된 형태 (the way와 how는 함께 쓸 수 없음). #2 more than: 비교 구문 (~보다 더).

※4단계 변형문제 - 알맞은 단어 고르기

정답] 1. choose, policies 2. that, who, been made, earlier, shaped 3. evolve, themselves, choosing, written 4. retain, who, that, ultimate 5. appoint, to be 6. taken, shaped 7. outcome, reflect, views

1. 오늘날 정치인들은 몇 가지 경제 정책 중에서 선택할 수 있다.

Today politicians all over the world can [choose / be chosen] between several economic [policies / politics].

2. 그들이 결정하는 것 같지만, 중요한 결정은 이미 전문가들에 의해 내려졌다.

It seems [that / what] they are the ones [who / which] make decisions, but the important decisions have already [been made / made] much [earlier / early] by the economists, bankers, and business people who [shaped / shaping] the different options on the menu.

3. 그러나 알고리즘이 진화함에 따라 정치인들은 머지않아 AI가 작성한 메뉴에서 선택하게 될 것이다.

As algorithms [evolve / involves] rapidly, however, politicians might find [themselves / them] [choosing / chosen] from a menu [written / writing] by artificial intelligence (AI) before long.

4. 우리는 아마 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지할 것이고, 그들은 AI가 조언자일 뿐이라는 환상을 줄 것이다.

At the highest levels of authority, we will probably [retain / obtain] human figureheads, [who / that] will give us the illusion [that / which] AI algorithms are only advisors, and that [ultimate / initial] authority is still in human hands.

5. 우리는 AI를 독일이나 영국의 총리로 임명하지 않을 것이다.

We will not [appoint / disappoint] AI [to be / being] the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom.

6. 그러나 그들에 의해 내려지는 결정들은 AI에 의해 구체화될 것이다.

However, the decisions [taken / taking] by them will be [shaped / shaping] by AI.

7. 이 모든 선택지는 빅데이터 분석의 결과물일 것이고, 인간보다 AI가 세계를 보는 방식을 더 반영할 것이다.

The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the [outcome / income] of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will [reflect / deflect] the way AI [views / view] the world more than the way humans view it.

※5단계 - 한줄영작

오늘날 전 세계의 정치인들은 몇 가지 경제 정책 중에서 선택할 수 있다.

[ choose / over / policies. / economic / between / Today / several / the / politicians / all / can / world ]

그들이 결정을 내리는 사람인 것 같지만, 중요한 결정은 다양한 선택지를 구체화한 경제학자 등에 의해 이미 내려졌다.

[ shaped / who / the / menu. / but / decisions / already / bankers, / they / are / who / people / earlier / different / the / on / much / decisions / and / the / business / It / options / make / ones / that / the / by / the / made / have / economists, / seems / important / been ]

그러나 알고리즘이 빠르게 진화함에 따라, 머지않아 정치인들은 AI가 작성한 메뉴에서 자신들이 선택하고 있는 것을 알게 될지도 모른다.

[ long. / algorithms / before / (AI) / might / written / rapidly, / find / a / menu / however, / choosing / from / intelligence / politicians / As / themselves / artificial / by / evolve ]

가장 높은 권위의 수준에서, 우리는 아마도 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지할 것인데, 그들은 AI 알고리즘이 조언자일 뿐이며 최종 권한은 여전히 인간의 손에 있다는 환상을 우리에게 줄 것이다.

[ illusion / still / advisors, / hands. / are / AI / will / that / probably / human / human / ultimate / only / authority, / give / in / that / and / levels / who / of / the / will / algorithms / is / At / figureheads, / we / highest / authority / the / us / retain ]

우리는 AI를 독일의 총리나 영국의 총리로 임명하지는 않을 것이다.

[ the / Kingdom. / Germany / to / appoint / or / chancellor / AI / United / of / prime / of / the / will / minister / not / We / be ]

그러나 그들에 의해 내려지는 결정들은 AI에 의해 구체화될 것이다.

[ by / taken / AI. / them / shaped / be / However, / will / by / decisions / the ]

이 모든 선택지는 알고리즘에 의한 빅 데이터 분석의 결과물일 것이며, 인간이 세계를 보는 방식보다는 AI가 세계를 보는 방식을 더 많이 반영할 것이다.

[ by / will / options, / the / Data / views / the / all / several / humans / AI / these / the / will / choose / between / still / it. / reflect / they / of / analysis / way / way / algorithms, / be / view / more / and / options / The / different / outcome / than / Big / chancellor / world / could ]

※6단계 - 빈칸 채우기

6단계 1차변형문제

정답] 1) policies 2) shaped 3) evolve 4) written 5) authority 6) retain 7) figureheads 8) illusion 9) ultimate 10) taken 11) outcome 12) reflect

다음 글을 읽고 주어진 단어를 알맞은 곳에 넣어 보세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic 1) _______________ . It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who 2) _______________ the different options on the menu. As algorithms 3) _______________ rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu 4) _______________ by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of 5) _______________ , we will probably 6) _______________ human 7) _______________ , who will give us the 8) _______________ that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that 9) _______________ authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions 10) _______________ by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the 11) _______________ of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will 12) _______________ the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

선택지 = outcome, ultimate, retain, policies, written, figureheads, authority, shaped, reflect, taken, illusion, evolve

6단계 2차변형문제

정답] 1) choose 2) decisions 3) earlier 4) options 5) rapidly 6) find 7) artificial 8) advisors 9) hands 10) appoint 11) analysis 12) views

다음 글을 읽고 주어진 단어를 알맞은 곳에 넣어 보세요.

Today politicians all over the world can 1) _______________ between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make 2) _______________ , but the important decisions have already been made much 3) _______________ by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different 4) _______________ on the menu. As algorithms evolve 5) _______________ , however, politicians might 6) _______________ themselves choosing from a menu written by 7) _______________ intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only 8) _______________ , and that ultimate authority is still in human 9) _______________ . We will not 10) _______________ AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data 11) _______________ by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI 12) _______________ the world more than the way humans view it.

선택지 = artificial, analysis, appoint, choose, views, rapidly, advisors, find, hands, options, earlier, decisions

6단계 3차변형문제

정답] 1) authority 2) only 3) still 4) prime 5) taken 6) shaped 7) could 8) these 9) Data 10) world 11) humans 12) it

다음 글을 읽고 주어진 단어를 알맞은 곳에 넣어 보세요.

At the highest levels of 1) _______________ , we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are 2) _______________ advisors, and that ultimate authority is 3) _______________ in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the 4) _______________ minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions 5) _______________ by them will be 6) _______________ by AI. The chancellor 7) _______________ still choose between several different options, but all 8) _______________ options will be the outcome of Big 9) _______________ analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the 10) _______________ more than the way 11) _______________ view 12) _______________ .

선택지 = still, Data, prime, these, humans, shaped, authority, could, world, only, taken, it

※1차변형문제

정답] 4번 - find 동사의 목적어와 주어(politicians)가 동일한 대상이므로 재귀대명사인 themselves로 고쳐야 합니다.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already ① been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who ② shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms ③ evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find ④ them choosing from a menu ⑤ written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, ⑥ who will give us the illusion ⑦ that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI ⑧ to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions ⑨ taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI ⑩ views the world more than the way humans view it.

※2차변형문제

정답) ③ The Illusion of Control: The Rise of AI in Political Decision-Making (인간 정치인들이 명목상 지도자로 남아 권한이 있다는 환상을 주지만 실제 정치적 의사 결정은 점점 AI에 의해 주도될 것이라는 내용이므로 가장 적절함.)

다음 글을 읽고 가장 적절한 제목을 고르세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business 소people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① The Ethical Dilemmas of Developing Artificial Intelligence

② How Economists Have Controlled the World Economy for Decades

③ The Illusion of Control: The Rise of AI in Political Decision-Making

④ The Future of Employment: Will AI Replace Politicians Completely?

⑤ Big Data and the End of Traditional Election Campaigns (줄바꿈)

※3차변형문제

정답) ③ Human leaders will be completely replaced by AI algorithms in the near future. (본문에서 가장 높은 권위의 수준에서는 아마도 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지할 것(we will probably retain human figureheads)이라고 했으므로 완전히 대체된다는 내용은 일치하지 않음.)

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① Currently, economic policies are largely designed by experts like economists and bankers.

② In the future, political options will likely be generated by artificial intelligence.

③ Human leaders will be completely replaced by AI algorithms in the near future.

④ The retention of human figureheads creates an illusion of human authority over AI.

⑤ Future political decisions will heavily reflect how AI perceives the world.

※4차변형문제

정답) ①: (A) 알고리즘의 발달로 미래의 정치적 선택지들은 AI에 의해 '생성될(generated)' 것이다. (B) 인간 명목상 지도자가 있다 해도 최종 결정은 인공지능의 세계관을 '반영할(mirror/reflect)' 것이다. [요약문] 인간 정치인들이 현재 인간 전문가들에 의해 만들어진 정책들 중에서 선택하는 반면, AI의 발전은 이러한 역학을 변화시켜 정치적 선택지들이 알고리즘에 의해 (A)생성될 것이며, 이는 인간 명목상 지도자들이 제자리에 있다 하더라도 최종 결정은 주로 인공지능의 세계관을 (B)반영할 것임을 의미한다.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

While human politicians currently select from policies crafted by human experts, the advancement of AI will shift this dynamic so that political options will be (A)______ by algorithms, meaning that even with human figureheads in place, ultimate decisions will primarily (B)______ the worldview of artificial intelligence.

① (A) generated (B) mirror

② (A) restricted (B) contradict

③ (A) generated (B) ignore

④ (A) restricted (B) mirror

⑤ (A) expanded (B) contradict

※5차변형문제

정답) 1) early → earlier 2) writing → written 3) what → that 정답과해설: 1) 비교급 강조 부사인 much의 수식을 받아야 하므로 비교급인 earlier가 맞음 2) 메뉴(a menu)가 작성되는 수동의 관계이므로 과거분사 written이 수식해야 함 3) the illusion과 동격을 이루며 뒷문장이 완전하므로 명사절 접속사 that이 필요함. 숫자1)누락금지.

다음 글을 읽고 어법, 어휘가 어색한 곳 3군데를 찾아 쓰고, 바르게 고치세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much early by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu writing by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion what AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI.

1) __________ → ___________ 2) __________ → ___________ 3) __________ → ___________

※6차변형문제

[정답] ③ (A) 현재 인간 전문가가 결정하는 상황에서 AI가 결정하는 상황으로의 전환을 나타내므로 역접의 However, (B) 인간 명목상 지도자를 유지한다는 사실에도 불구하고 결정은 AI가 내린다는 양보/역접의 의미이므로 Nevertheless(혹은 However)가 가장 적절함. 본문 원문에서는 However를 사용했음.

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 연결어가 가장 적절한 것은?

Today politicians can choose between several economic policies shaped by experts. (A), as algorithms evolve rapidly, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads to give the illusion of human control. (B), the decisions taken by these figureheads will actually be shaped by AI's worldview rather than human perspectives.

① (A) However (B) Therefore

② (A) Furthermore (B) However

③ (A) However (B) Nevertheless

④ (A) Therefore (B) In contrast

⑤ (A) In contrast (B) Therefore

※7차변형문제

정답] ③ - 해설: '인간 명목상 지도자를 유지한다'는 것은 실제 권한은 AI에게 넘어가더라도, 상징적인 목적(인간이 통제한다는 환상을 심어주기 위해)으로 인간 지도자 자리를 유지한다는 의미이므로 ③번이 가장 적절함.

다음 글에서 (A) retain human figureheads 가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably (A) retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① educating politicians to better understand complex algorithms

② replacing all government officials with highly advanced AI systems

③ keeping human leaders in position solely for symbolic purposes

④ demanding that human leaders completely ignore AI's advice

⑤ making AI legally responsible for any political failures

※8차변형문제

정답] ③ - 해설: 본문은 미래의 정치적 의사 결정이 인간 지도자에 의해 내려지는 것처럼 보이지만 실제로는 AI의 관점과 분석 결과를 반영할 것이라고 주장하므로 ③번이 가장 적절함.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

While we currently believe that our elected officials are the masterminds behind national policies, their roles are often limited to selecting from choices designed by unseen experts. This illusion of political autonomy is about to undergo a massive transformation. With the rise of advanced algorithms, the task of designing political and economic options will shift from human specialists to machines. Although countries will likely keep human leaders as the visible faces of government to maintain public comfort, the reality will be quite different. Ultimately, the policies enacted by governments will ______________________________________.

① heavily rely on traditional theories written by ancient philosophers

② be completely ignored by the citizens of democratic nations

③ primarily reflect the analytical outcomes and worldview of AI

④ require human experts to manually verify all Big Data calculations

⑤ eliminate the need for any kind of advisory councils in the future

※9차변형문제

정답] As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long.

다음 글을 읽고 주어진 단어를 활용하여 영작하세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. [그러나 알고리즘이 빠르게 진화함에 따라, 머지않아 정치인들은 인공 지능(AI)이 작성한 메뉴에서 자신들이 선택하고 있는 것을 알게 될지도 모른다.] At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

-서술형 작성 요령-

주어진 단어를 한번만 사용하세요.

단어를 변형해야 할 필요가 있다면, 변형하여 문법에 맞게 고치세요.

[ menu / written / might / themselves / intelligence / choosing / evolve / As / rapidly, / however, / algorithms / find / long. / before / from / politicians / by / artificial / a / (AI) ]

※10차변형문제

정답) (A) human figureheads (B) human figureheads (또는 the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom)

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, (A)who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by (B)them will be shaped by AI.

위 글의 (A)who와 (B)them이 가리키는 대상을 각각 본문에서 찾아 영어로 쓰시오.

※11차변형문제

정답] 4번 - 인간 통제의 환상을 심어주기 위해 명목상 지도자 자리를 유지할 것(retain)이므로 '대체할 것(replace)'이라는 어휘는 문맥상 부적절함.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Today politicians can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they make decisions, but important decisions have already been made much ① earlier by the experts who ② shaped the different options. As algorithms evolve ③ rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by AI before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably ④ replace human figureheads, who will give us the ⑤ illusion that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not ⑥ appoint AI to be the chancellor. However, the decisions taken by them will be ⑦ shaped by AI. These options will be the ⑧ outcome of Big Data analysis and will ⑨ reflect the way AI views the world.

※12차변형문제 - 글의 순서정하기

정답] 3번

다음 글을 읽고 알맞은 글의 순서를 정해보세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu.

( A ) At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands.

( B ) We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI, reflecting the way AI views the world more than humans do.

( C ) As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long.

① (B) - (A) - (C)

② (C) - (B) - (A)

③ (C) - (A) - (B)

④ (A) - (C) - (B)

⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)

※13차변형문제

정답] 2번

다음 글을 읽고 알맞은 글의 순서를 정해보세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies.

( B ) It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu.

( C ) As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads.

( D ) These figureheads will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI and will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① (B) - (D) - (C)

② (B) - (C) - (D)

③ (D) - (B) - (C)

④ (C) - (D) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (D)

※14차 변형문제

정답] 3번

다음 글을 읽고, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 곳은?

At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. ① It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. ② As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. ③ We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. ④ However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. ⑤ The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms.

※15차 변형문제

정답] 5번

다음 글을 읽고, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 곳은?

However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. ① It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made by experts who shaped the options. ② As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by AI before long. ③ At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that ultimate authority is still in human hands. ④ We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. ⑤ The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms.

※16차 변형문제

정답] 3번 - 해설: 본문은 정치적 의사 결정 구조에서 AI의 역할 증대를 다루고 있으나, 3번은 AI의 음악 작곡 및 소설 창작 능력을 언급하고 있어 흐름상 어색함.

다음 글을 읽고, 흐름 상 어색한 문장을 고르면?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. ① It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the experts who shaped the different options. ② As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by AI before long. ③ Recently, artificial intelligence has made significant progress in composing music and writing fictional novels that rival human authors. ④ At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads to give us the illusion that ultimate authority is still in human hands. ⑤ However, the decisions taken by them will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms and will reflect the way AI views the world.

※17차 변형문제

정답] 2번 - 원문 단어: figureheads

다음 글을 읽고, 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어는?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human ( __________ ), who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① dictators

② figureheads

③ protesters

④ analysts

⑤ enemies

※18차 변형문제

정답] 2번 - 원문 단어: illusion

다음 글을 읽고, 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어는?

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the ( __________ ) that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① guarantee

② illusion

③ reality

④ evidence

⑤ permission

※19차 변형문제

정답] 3번

다음 글을 읽고, 알맞은 어휘를 골라 보세요.

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the experts who ( A ) ( shaped / ignored ) the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably ( B ) ( retain / dismiss ) human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ( C ) ( ultimate / partial ) authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI.

① (A) shaped (B) dismiss (C) partial

② (A) ignored (B) dismiss (C) ultimate

③ (A) shaped (B) retain (C) ultimate

④ (A) ignored (B) retain (C) partial

⑤ (A) shaped (B) retain (C) partial

※20차 변형문제

정답] 2번

다음 글을 읽고, 알맞은 어휘를 골라 보세요.

At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the ( A ) ( illusion / reality ) that AI algorithms are only advisors. We will not ( B ) ( appoint / fire ) AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the ( C ) ( outcome / origin ) of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

① (A) reality (B) appoint (C) origin

② (A) illusion (B) appoint (C) outcome

③ (A) illusion (B) fire (C) origin

④ (A) reality (B) fire (C) outcome

⑤ (A) illusion (B) appoint (C) origin

※21차 변형문제

정답] F / T / T / F / T / F / T / T / F

Today politicians all over the world can choose between several economic policies. It seems that they are the ones who make decisions, but the important decisions have already been made much earlier by the economists, bankers, and business people who shaped the different options on the menu. As algorithms evolve rapidly, however, politicians might find themselves choosing from a menu written by artificial intelligence (AI) before long. At the highest levels of authority, we will probably retain human figureheads, who will give us the illusion that AI algorithms are only advisors, and that ultimate authority is still in human hands. We will not appoint AI to be the chancellor of Germany or the prime minister of the United Kingdom. However, the decisions taken by them will be shaped by AI. The chancellor could still choose between several different options, but all these options will be the outcome of Big Data analysis by algorithms, and they will reflect the way AI views the world more than the way humans view it.

Mark T if the statement is true, or F if it is false.

Politicians are currently the sole creators of all economic policies they choose from. ( T / F )

Economists and bankers have historically played a major role in shaping political options. ( T / F )

The passage predicts that AI will soon take over the process of writing political options. ( T / F )

Human figureheads will be removed entirely from high-level government positions. ( T / F )

The public will be under the illusion that AI is merely an advisor, not the true decision-maker. ( T / F )

AI is expected to be officially appointed as the prime minister of the UK. ( T / F )

The decisions made by human leaders in the future will be heavily influenced by AI. ( T / F )

Big Data analysis by algorithms will form the basis of the options presented to leaders. ( T / F )

The resulting policies will reflect a human-centric worldview more than an AI worldview. ( T / F )